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A party meeting at the 'paris commune' plant in moscow during the campaign to cleanse the communist party of hostile elements, september 1933.

Comrade solovyov, the secretary of the communist party branch at the krasny putilovets plant, undergoing questioning duing the campaign to cleanse the cp of hostile elements, leningrad, 1933, the banner reads: 'a communist is obliged to be truthful and honest before the party'.

Communist leaders from two continents at the bolshoi theater in moscow at a meeting in honor of josef stalin's 70th birthday on december 21, 1949, (left to right: suslov, mao zedong, bulganin, stalin, vassilevsky, and khrushchev).

V,i, lenin, m,i, kalinin, i,v, stalin in a group of delegates of the 8th meeting of the bolshevik communist party in moscow, march 1919.

Leon trotsky speaking at the tomb of victims of an explosion at the head quarters of the moscow city committee of the russian communist party of bolsheviks, leontyevsky lane, moscow, soviet union.

Rozaliya zemlyachka (seated with glasses) during a purge trial at a co-operative in moscow, 1933, a leading bolshevik party member, she was one of the organizers of the 'red terror' during the civil war, she was responsible for the execution of thousands of white guard officers in the crimea after it was occupied by the red army in 1921.

Delegates to 11th young communist league (komsomol) congress at the kremlin palace of congresses, moscow, ussr, 1949.

Communist leaders from two continents at the bolshoi theater in moscow at a meeting in honor of josef stalin's 70th birthday on december 21, 1949, (left to right: chairman mao zedong; armed forces minister marshal n,a, bulganin; and stalin).

Communist leaders from two continents at the bolshoi theater in moscow at a meeting in honor of josef stalin's 70th birthday on december 21, 1949, (left to right: politburo member l,m, kaganovich; chairman mao zedong; armed forces minister marshal n,a, bulganin; stalin; walter ulbricht, deputy premier of the east german government; j, cedenbal; n,s, khrushchev, chief of the ukrainian council of ministers; i, koplenig).

Leon trotsky, people's commissar for military and naval affairs, at a military parade in red square in honor of the third congress of the communist interantion (third international), moscow, soviet union, 1920.

Vyacheslav m, molotov on his way to a meeting of the moscow session of the ministers council, march 14, 1947, the car is an armored american packard.

Private farmers discussing the decision of the communist party to grant preferential treatment to collective farmers, 1930.

A meeting of the working people of the molotov election district of moscow, held here on the occasion of vyacheslav molotov's consent to stand for elections in this district, ussr, february 1950.

Moscow residents lining up at a canteen of the moscow public catering committee in 1921.

Communist leaders from two continents at the bolshoi theater in moscow at a meeting in honor of josef stalin's 70th birthday on december 21, 1949

Anti-religious demonstration called the komsomol christmas organized by the young communist league (komsomol), moscow, ussr, 1923.

Moscow on the eve of may day, a couple placing an order for the holidays at the home delivery department of 'gastronom' food shop no, 2, april 1952.

Two women looking at coats and hats on display in a window of the central department store in moscow, 1940s.

Tank commander, junior lieutenant alexandra boiko, speaking to attendees of the fourth soviet women's anti-fascist meeting on august 20, 1944 at the tchaikovsky concert hall in moscow.

A,i, mikoyan with walter ulbricht, first deputy prime minister of the gdr, during his visit to east germany in april 1958.

Nikolai alekseyevich voznesensky, chairman of the state planning commission of the ussr, speaking at the joint session of the supreme soviet of the ussr and the soviet of nationalities, seated behind him on the presidium are (l to r): ch, aslanova and p, levitsky, vice-chairmen of the soviet of nationalities, a, zhdanov, chairman of the soviet of the union, t, lysenko and n, undasynov, vice-chairmen of the soviet of the union.

Grigoriy konstantinovich ordzhonikidze (sergo ordzhonikidze) speaking and giving details of the program for developement of basic industries under the new five-year-plan at the congress of the russian communist party.

Bolshevik leader sergei mironovich kirov speaking at the 17th congress of the all-union communist party of bolsheviks in february 1934, ordzhonikidze is behind him on the left.

The entrance to the national hotel in moscow, february 1947, the moscow hotel is on the other side of the street.

A post-war meeting of workers at the kirov factory discussing plans for production necessary to complete the five-year-plan in four, this factory has been decorated three times, leningrad, ussr, 1946.

A woman trying on shoes in the footware department of a moscow department store, december 1947.

Women trying on hats at a millinery in moscow, april 1948.

Black sea fleet, a soviet sailor on watch at the battleship paris commune, march 1943.

A demonstration / parade of the working people in red square in moscow on november 7, 1950, the sportsmen are carrying soviet flags and an image of stalin.

The reading of charges at a trial of social revolutionary leaders (purge trial), moscow, 1922.

L, beria, g, malenkov, and a,mikoyan on the rostrum on lenin's tomb during a may day demonstration in red square, moscow, ussr, may 1, 1949.

A parade in red square, moscow, soviet union, may 1st, 1922, left to right: mikhail lashevich (second from left), leon trotsky (center, military uniform, beard), lev kamenev (second from right), tomsky (far right).

3rd moscow conference, seated, left to right: v,m, molotov, w, harriman, winston churchill, j,v, stalin, anthony eden, standing: v,m, berezhkov, sir archibald kerr, v,n, pavlov, a, birse, f, gusev, october 18, 1943.

The bath house' by vladimir mayakovsky, a scene from act 6, produced by v, meyerhold at the meyerhold state theatre, moscow, ussr, 1930.

Nikolai shvernik reading the sentence handed down by the supreme court at a trial of menshevik counter-revolutionaries in moscow, 1931.

Former american ambassador, joseph e, davies with his wife at the byeloruskiy railway terminal in moscow as they were leaving for america, june 1938, on the left is the iranian ambassador and next to him is the french ambassador.

Bolshevik leader sergei mironovich kirov speaking at the 17th congress of the all-union communist party of bolsheviks in february 1934.

Joseph stalin giving a speach at a session of the commission for studying the project of the model constitution of agricultural artels during the second all-union congress of collective farm shock-workers, april 1935.

Tunguska meteorite, the valley of the churgima stream, 4km south of where the meteorite fell in 1908, the hills are covered with fallen and burnt trees and young growth, this picture was taken during professor leonid kulik's 1938 expedition to investigate the event.

The all-union agricultural exhibition in moscow, august 1939, visitors to the exhibition examining specimens of a couch-grass / wheat hybrid (developed by member of the academy of sciences, tsitsin) at the demonstration field of the grain pavillion, in the background is a newly erected statue of stalin.

Behind the scenes at the grand opera and ballet theater of the ussr, ballet dancers at a rehearsal, january 1947.

Afghan air force mikoyan-gurevich mig-15 fighters and ilyushin il-28 bombers at kabul, afghanistan, during the visit of the u,s, president dwight d, eisenhower, 9-14 december 1959.

Young moscow women in a beauty salon, moscow, ussr, 1958.

Painting 'the knight at the crossroad' by v,m, vaznetsov, ilya of murom, according to legend, in service of vladimir of kiev, 1953.

Ceremony at the bolshoi theater celebrating joseph stalin's 70th birthday, seated, from left to right, are togliatti, budenni, kaganovich, suslov, mao tse-tung (zedong), bulganin, stalin, vassilevsky, khrushchev, ibarruri, georgiu-dej,shvernik, and malenkov, december 1949.

Order-bearers captain polina osipenko (co-pilot and commander of the plane), deputy to the supreme soviet of the ussr valentina grizodubova (navigator), and senior lieutenant marina raskova right before their historic flight, they set a world record for non-stop direct flight by women when they flew a tupolev db2/ant37 aircraft named rodina 6,000 kilometres (3,700 miles) from moscow to komsomolsk-on-amur, on the south-eastern tip of siberia, september 24, 1938.

A crowd at the unveiling ceremony of a monument dedicated to vladimir mayakovsky in moscow, july 29, 1958, the monument was made by sculptor a, kibalnikov.

A news vendor in moscow, 1935.

The church of christ the savior in moscow, 1920s.

A meeting of representatives of jewish people held in moscow on august 24, 1941, (l to r) poet perets markish, novelist david bergelson, people's artist of the ussr professor solomon mikhoels, and writer ilya ehrenburg.

Monument to joseph stalin in front of the mechanization pavillion of the all-union agricultural exhibit in moscow, 1941, people's commissar of agriculture of the ussr, i, benediktov, spoke at the meeting during the inauguration which had an attendance of in excess of 50,000 people.

Maxim gorky, vyacheslav molotov, k, voroshilov, joseph stalin,, mikhail kalinin and nikolai bulganin (left to right) on the platform of the lenin mausoleum during a sports parade in red square, moscow, july 24, 1934.

Left to right, standing: v,i, lenin, nikolai bukharin and grigory zinoviev talking during the 2nd congress of the communist international, 1920, moscow, soviet union.

Joseph stalin, september 1939, moscow, ussr.

Coat of arms of the moscow government at the time of ivan lli (ivan the great).

Cathedral of christ the savior, moscow, ussr, early 1930s, shell of the cathedral blown up as part of anti-religion campaign, later site of moskva municipal swimming pool.

Joseph stalin, around 1939, in his office in the kremlin, moscow, ussr.

Cheap meals being distributed among moscow workers in the early 1920s.

Moscow, late 1930s, a trolley-bus going past the french embassy building.

The young communist league holding an anti-religious ceremony called the komsomol christmas in moscow, 1923.

Unemployed men at the hitrov market in moscow in the 1890s.

Anna kutuzova, a secretary at metropolitan vickers and a co-defendant, metro-vickers show trials, april 12 - 19, 1933.

A young family passing by the windows of the lyudmila shop in tchkalov street in moscow, 1950s.

Soviet cosmonaut yuri gagarin with khrushchev on the rostrum on lenin's tomb in red square, moscow, ussr, 1961.

The defendants of a purge trial of menshevik counter-revolutionaries in moscow, 1931.

Lenin's funeral, members of the politburo (joseph stalin, left front) carrying the casket into the crypt near the kremlin wall in red square, moscow, january 1924.

Lenin's funeral, members of the politburo carrying the casket into the crypt near the kremlin wall in red square, moscow, january 1924.

world war ll, soldiers of the third ukrainian front being welcomed in a bulgarian town, september 1944.

Walter duranty (front row, center), public prosecutor vyshinski is standing and a,j cummings, news chronicle is to his right, metro-vickers show trials, april 12 - 19, 1933.

David oistrakh, professor of the moscow state conservatory and laureate of international contests, listening to the playing of his son at his country residence near moscow, september 1938.

Spasso house, the residence of the us ambassador to the soviet union, walter b, smith, in moscow, ussr, late 1940s.

The most popular business suit this season is worn with a warm vest of harmonizing color,' moscow, ussr, late 1950s or early 1960s.

Moscow residents listening to a radio report by molotov announcing the invasion of the soviet union by germany, june 22, 1941.

An amateur folk chorus singing in manezh square in moscow on the occasion of j,v, stalin's 70th birthday, december 21, 1949, 'glory to the great stalin' written in lights behind them.

The seagull' by anton chekhov, moscow art theatre production, left to right: luzhsky as dorn; v, meyerhold as treplev; roksanova as nina.

The bed bug' by vladimir mayakovsky, act 1, 1929 production by v, meyerhold at the meyerhold gostheatr (state theater), moscow, ussr.

Chairman s, muromtsev, a member of the constitutional-democratic party, speaking at a sitting of the first state duma (russian parliament) in 1906.

Lev landau, scientist, participants at scientific conference on high energy particles, left to right: prof, jack steinberger, columbia university (usa); prof, l, riddiford (uk); lev landau of ussr, moscow, may 1956.

Propaganda photo of josef stalin as benevolent father figure with eleven year old mamlakat nakhangova, a schoolgirl from the lakhuti collective farm, stalinabad region, tajikistan soviet republic, kremlin palace, moscow, ussr, december 1935.

Journalists william strang (?) and a,j, cummings at the metro-vickers show trials, april 12 - 19, 1933.

A family strolling under the benificent gaze of a sculpture of josef stalin, 'the great continuer of lenin's cause' on one of the central thoroughfares of stalinogorsk, in the moscow coal basin, ussr, 1950.

Us ambassador llewellyn thompson with nikolai blokhin (left) at the friendship house in moscow during a memorial meeting in honor of franklin delano roosevelt's 80th birthday, february 1962.

Nikita khrushchev meeting with mao zedong during the chinese people's republic delegation's visit to moscow in 1957.

Komsomolskaya square, moscow, 1935, in the background: leningradsky (left) and yaroslavsky (right) rail terminals with a metro station between them, in the right foreground is a corner of the kazansky terminal.

Council of women's international democratic federation holds session in moscow, november 1949, eslanda robeson, vice-president of the american women's congress, and people's artist of the uzbek republic temars khanum, during the intermission between sittings of the session.

Grigoriy konstantinovich ordzhonikidze (sergo ordzhonikidze), people's commissar of heavy industry with josef stalin welcoming a delegation from the georgian soviet socialist republic to moscow on march 19, 1936.

The party-government delegation from the gdr arrive in moscow, 1959, walter ulbricht making a speech at vnukovo airfield as khrushchev looks on.

V, lacis, chairman of the council of ministers of the latvian ssr, speaking during the jubilee session of the supreme soviet of the latvian ssr on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of soviet latvia, july 1950.

President of yugoslavia josip broz tito during his closing address to the conference of the league of communists, belgrade, yugoslavia, january 1972.

The house in the village of kurejka (1939) in the turukhansk district of the krasnoyarsk territory, where joseph stalin lived during the years of his exile by the tsarist government 1913 - 1917.

A statue of joseph stalin in the garden of victory square in the industrial city of stalinsk, the iron and steel plant is in the background, spewing smoke, early 1950s.

The log cabin in which joseph stalin lived during his exile in solvychegodsk (vologda province) in 1910.

Joseph stalin during a speech in which he brands japan as an aggressor nation, early 1945.

The entrance hall of the ussr pavillion at the 1939 world's fair in new york.

Workers studying diagrams indicating the output accomplished at the blast furnace shop of the magnitogorsk iron and steel works.

Alexander kerensky's last speech at the pre-parliament on november 6, 1917, the day before the break-out of the socialist revolution.

A steam locomotive on the trans-siberian railroad in the krasnoyarsk region of russia in the 1890s, the first train in krasnoyarsk.

Tsar nicholas ll, imprisoned by the provisional government at tsarskoye selo, during a walk, 1917.

The russian delegation including leo trotsky, being greeted by the germans upon their arrival at brest-litovsk, december 27, 1917.

A special meeting of the stalin prize committee held at the moscow art theater where badges and diplomas were being presented to the soviet artists and writers who had been awarded stalin prizes for outstanding works completed in 1945, stalin prize laureate solomon mikhoels is congratulating the prize winners, may 1947.

A general view of kurejka (1939) in the turukhansk district of the krasnoyarsk territory, where joseph stalin was exiled by the tsarist government 1913 - 1917.

The first soviet steam-and-internal combustion locomotive with it's inventor and chief builders, november 1939, (left to right) d, lvov, l, maizel (inventor), and p, soroka.

Siberian taiga forest that was flattened by the blast from the tunguska meteorite near where the meteorite fell in 1908, this picture was taken during professor leonid kulik's 1938 expedition to investigate the event.

10th century, a prince and his bodyguard gathering tribute from the people, the prince's servant kept account and recorded the amount of tribute brought in on a tablet.

Russian civil war, kalinin and s, budonny (budenny), commander of the first cavalry army, at the vrangel front in october 1920, with cavalry troops.

A view of gori, the town in georgia where joseph stalin was born, december 21, 1879.

Women drying grain on a kolkhoz (collective farm) in the soviet union, 1930s.

The house in gori, soviet georgia where joseph stalin was born - now a museum, 1948.

Nina lobkovskaya in war and peace, like all young girls, nina loves pretty clothes, here she is trying on a dress during a shopping trip, if it were not for her uniform with its decorations hanging nearby, no one would guess that she has been through the war, 1940s.

Latvian peasant, j, karklin receiving a deed entitling him to free and permanent holdings of land, july 1945.

Top - a view of gori, the town in georgia where joseph stalin was born, december 21, 1879, bottom - the house in which stalin was born and spent his childhood, right - a group of gori school children, stalin is on the lower right.

A monument to josef stalin, designed by sculptor sergei merkurov, standing at the entrance to the moskva-volga canal.

S, budenny, s, timoshenko, and k, voroshilov, a group portrait from 1919, at that time, voroshilov was a member of the military council of the first mounted army (cavalry), budenny was the commander of that army, and timoshenko was division commander in the army.

Soviet ballet dancer, marina kondryateva, in the title role in laurencia, alexander krein's ballet based on a play by lope de vega, 1950s (?).

Joseph stalin at a may day celebration with first grade student vera kondakova, may 1, 1952, she stepped out of a column of pioneers and presented the premier with a bouquet of flowers.

Joseph stalin (front, left) sits with k,e, voroshilov at a conference of best combine workers and soviet government, left to right, back: a,a, andreyev, l,m, kaganovich, v,j, chubar, ussr, 1930s.

Peoples' commissar of defense, marshall kliment voroshilov, division commander vasily sokolovsky, and marshall semyon budyonny looking over a map during tactical exercises in the moscow military district, september 1938.

Museum workers at the hermitage museum in leningrad work to save the priceless art treasures damaged by nazi shelling of the building, seige of leningrad, world war 2.

Joseph stalin with two young women collective farm workers from tadjikistan soviet republic at a conference of cotton farm workers, january 1936, ussr.

Moscow residents at an exhibition of evidence related to the trial of gary powers, american pilot of u2 spy plane, ussr, 1960, foreground: part of the lockheed u2 spy plane.

State prosecutor, andrei vyshinsky reading the charges at a purge trial in the late 1930's.

Members of the diplomatic corps with friends and family in red square, watching a demonstration, mrs, joseph davies, wife of the american ambassador to the ussr, is in the center (w/ light hat & cape), 1930s.

Kv-1 (klement voroshilov) tank, a group of civilians and red army men watch a new kv-1 tank that has just left the factory and will soon be on its way to the front, ussr, world war 2.

Professor leonid kulik who, in 1938, led a scientific expedition into the siberian taiga to investigate the site of the tunguska meteorite, here, he's seen crossing the khushmo river on horse back 7km from where the meteorite fell in 1908.

Joseph stalin giving a speach to the red army on november 7, 1941 in celebration of the 24th anniversary of the revolution, this was the day that hitler had set for a review of his troops in the same place (moscow).

Moscow, october 7, 1939, chairman of the presidium of the ussr supreme soviet mikhail kalinin awards heroes of the battles on the khalkhin-gol river, from left to right: heroes of the soviet union s, p, denisov, i, n, dushkin, k, n, abramov, n, s, gerasimov, v, i, shevchenko and i, a, lakeyev.

Street scene with moscow hotel on the right, moscow, 1930s.

German death factory near lublin, in majdanek hitlerites built a concentration camp, in which they tortured to death hundreds of thousands of civilians, war prisoners and political prisoners -- poles, russians, czechs, frenchmen, jews, greeks and representatives of other nationalities, photo shows: 'road of death' along which prisoners went on their last journey to the furnaces, in which germans burnt them, august 1944.

Post-war donbass heals it's wounds, setting up a cylindrical head-frame, designed by engineer zherbin, at the dzerzhinsky colliery no, 12 in donbass, ussr, 1940s.

Red army soldiers of the first cavalry army, commanded by semyon budyonny (budenny) at a rally in 1920, russia, civil war.

Marshal mikhail n, tukhachevsky, assistant people's commissar for defense of the ussr, 1933.

Reading a newspaper during a break in the harvest at a collective farm in the ukraine in the 1930s.

The arch of triumph on kutuzovskiy prospect in moscow, 1934.

A red army lieutenant a mission to tank drivers during training exercises in the kiev special military district, 1939.

The north korean government delegation passing the honor guard at yaraslavl station upon their arrival in moscow, 1949(?), (left to right: kim il sung, a,i, mikoyan, a,a, gromyko, pak heun yung (pak hen yen).

Civilian women making artillery shells at a munitions factory in moscow during world war 2, the sign behind them reads: 'defenders of moscow! the soviet people are with you!'.

Treaty of non-aggression between germany and the union of soviet socialist republics, german minister for foreign affairs, joachim von ribbentrop (right), arrives at the central airport in moscow on september 27, 1939, next to him is ambassador herr von der schulenburg (in top-hat).

Berel shereshnevsy, secretary of the communist party of vilna (vilnius) during german occupation, 1940s.

Mission to moscow', us ambassador joseph davies shaking hands with joseph stalin during his second mission to moscow; in may of 1943 he was ordered by roosevelt to show the film to stalin, this marks one of the first instances of the use of film as a means of diplomatic soft power, vyacheslav molotov is on the right.

Vladimir nemirovich-danchenko (1858-1943), actor, director, co-founder with stanislavsky of the moscow art theatre.

Vladimir nemirovich-danchenko (1858-1943), actor, director, co-founder with stanislavsky of the moscow art theatre.

Nikita khrushchev, chairman of the ussr council of ministers, making an appearance on american television during his visit to the united states at the invitation of president eisenhower in september 1959.

A coatrack at william c, bullitt's (the first united states ambassador to the soviet union) reception at the kremlin in moscow, 1934.

The first world war, emperor nicholas ll, supreme commander-in-chief, listening to a report of the guard of honor at the western front in march 1916.

Sam 2 missiles (guideline) on parade in red square, moscow, ussr, november 7th, 1957.

Vladimir lenin, leo trotsky, and lev kamenev on sverdlovsk square in moscow, may 1920.

News reel of joseph stalin watching a may day parade in red square, moscow, 1949.

Poet itzik feffer and solomon mikhoels of the moscow state jewish theater, meeting with albert einstein who is to chair a jewish anti-fascist committee event in new york, the largest pro-soviet rally ever held in the united states, july 1943, during their fund-raising trip to the united states in 1943.

Dinner time at the lenin agricultural commune, 1921.

Grigoriy konstantinovich ordzhonikidze (sergo ordzhonikidze) when he was a student of the bolshevik party school in longjumeau, 1911.

All of the accused, soviet and british, which included allan monkhouse, leslie thornton, gregory, william macdonald, cushing and nordwall, the woman among them is anna kutuzova, metro-vickers show trials, april 12 - 19, 1933.

A model of the bratsk hydro-electric power plant on display at the ussr agricultural exhibition and the ussr industrial exhibition in moscow, 1957, the plant has a capacity of 204,000 kw, at the time, the world's most powerful.

Visitors examining the painting 'in the name of peace' by soviet artists v, vikhtinsky, b, zhukov, e, levin, l, chernov, and l, shmatkov at the exhibition of ukrainian fine arts in the tretyakov gallery in moscow, july 1951.

V, i, lenin with parley christensen, 1920 usa presidential candidate representing the farmer labor party, meeting in his study in moscow, november of 1921.

Council of women's international democratic federation holds session in moscow, november 1949, eslanda robeson, vice-president of the american women's congress, addressing the session.

Us army general dwight d, eisenhower with us ambassador w, averell harriman and miss kathleen harriman after watching a sports parade in red square during his visit to moscow after the war, 1945.

A new soviet color documenyary 'first voyage to the stars' was shown at the Moscow second international film festival, the film tells about the world's first cosmic flight of the soviet pilot Yuri Gagarin.

Prince of kiev, yaroslav the wise (1019 1054), sculpture reconstructed from the skull by m,m, gerasimov, the anthropologist, from the collection of the state historical museum in moscow, 1957.

The opening of the 'prefabricated housing in the usa' exhibition at the moscow architects club, 1940s.

Participants in the annual physiacal culture parade standing under a portrait of joseph stalin near red square in moscow, ussr, 1930s.

Monument to joseph stalin in front of the mechanization pavillion of the all-union agricultural exhibit in moscow, 1941.

Moscow conference, winston churchill, stalin, and molotov passing an honor guard prior to the departure of the british delegation.

German planes brought down by the soviets are exhibited on a moscow square.

Mikhail Gorbachev taking questions from a crowd on the streets of Moscow

Two women working on the metal covering of a wing of a soviet military plane during world war 2, september 1944.

Grigoriy konstantinovich ordzhonikidze (sergo ordzhonikidze), leader of the communist party and soviet state, during the civil war.

Third moscow conference, 1943, the four signatories to the moscow declaration (left to right): foo ping-sheung, mr, cordell hull, vyacheslav molotov, mr, anthony eden, marshal klementi voroshilov looks on.

Famous arcade passage way of gum, state department store on red square, moscow, ussr, 1935, a photograph by visiting american photographer and journalist julien bryan.

Meeting of tver workers during the february revolution in 1917.

The international buisiness machines (ibm) display at the communications usa exhibition in moscow, ussr, early 1960s (1961?).

Operation august storm (battle of manchuria), a landing party of sailors of the soviet pacific fleet hoisting a flag over port arthur bay, manchuria, september 1945.

A young russian couple walk through the halls of a moscow museum, art gallery, ussr, 1960s.

The counter-offensive of soviet troops at moscow, the population welcoming red armymen who liberated their village from the nazis, december 1941.

Trial of u2 spy plane pilot francis gary powers, moscow, ussr, august, 1960, powers' parents and wife (right) listen to the proceedings.

Mao zedong, n,s, khrushchev, n,a, bulganin, a,i, mikoyan, m,a, suslov, kim il sung, v, siroki (czechoslovakia), and enver hoxha (albania) on the tribune of the lenin-stalin mausoleum during the november 7th parade, 1957.

The bed bug' by vladimir mayakovsky, act 1, scene 9, 1929 production by vsevolod meyerhold at the meyerhold gosteatr (state theater), moscow, ussr.

The novolipetsk iron and steel mills under construction near the kursk magnetic anomaly, the plant will be the major metal supplier for the central and southern regions of the european part of the country, late 1940s.

Soviet composer, dmitri shostakovich, on the train on his way home to moscow after the first performance of his 12th symphony 'the year 1917' by the leningrad philharmonic.

Command post of 235 nevelsk regiment on the front line during the russian civil war, spring, 1920, cavalry.

Moscow, 1939, the krymsky bridge.

Two young girls at a kindergarten in the sverdlov district of moscow adorning a portrait of joseph stalin with greenery on the eve of the 33rd anniversary of the great october socialist revolution, november 7,1950.

Moscow, ussr may day 1941: walking to the may day celebrations in red square, left to right: v, molotov, soviet premier josef stalin, k, voroshilov, g, malenkov, l, beria (head of secret police).

Soviet health spa, a garden of the vinogradovo rest home for teachers in the moscow region, it is run by the trade union of employees of elementary and secondary schools of the russian federation, may 1951.

The voting in of k,p, orlovsky as the head of the 'rasvyet' kolkhoz, 1944.

The arrival of dimitry donskoi to meet with segei radonezhsky before the battle of kulikovo, 16th century.

New growth on an old tree 20 km to the east of the blast center that was burnt and damaged in 1908 by the tunguska meteorite, prior to that, it was dense forest, this picture was taken during professor leonid kulik's 1938 expedition to investigate the event.

Soviet leader nikita khrushchev (left) and u,s, vice-president richard nixon at the opening of the u,s, trade and technology exhibition in moscow, ussr, 1959, the famous kitchen debate, leonid brezhnev, second from right, front.

Men at the first barricades on the campus of moscow university during the 1905 revolt in russia.

Song festival in riga, sport performance of the pupils of the training institutions of the administration of labor reserves of the latvian ssr on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of soviet latvia, july 1950.

A drawing showing dimitri ivanovich mendeleev making a balloon flight in 1887 to study the upper strata of the atmosphere.

Scene from 'ivan the terrible' (1944-45), film by sergei eisenstein, nikolai cherkassov (left) as tsar ivan the terrible, ludmilla tselikovskaya as the tsarina, ussr.

Baku oil fields, azerbaijan, end of the 19th century.

Yaroslav the wise, prince of kiev, 11th century.

The book palace, nevsky prospect, leningrad, ussr, august 1947.

Scene from 'ivan the terrible' (1944-45), film by sergei eisenstein, nikolai cherkassov (left) as tsar ivan the terrible, ussr.

Russian emissaries inviting rurik to come and rule over russia.

War time restoration of the krasnodar machine tool manufacturing plant is under way, a vertical boring and turning machine, assembled by a, bershadsky and his crew, is completed 20 days ahead of schedule, ussr 1940s.

Behind the scenes at the grand opera and ballet theater of the ussr, soviet ballet dancer, g, ulanova, in her dressing room, january 1947.

U2 spy plane pilot francis gary powers poses with his flight helmet at at exhibition of of u2 plane wreckage and other evidence related to his moscow trial, ussr, 1960.

A group of school children in gori, georgia in the 1890s, stalin is on the lower right.