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Council of women's international democratic federation holds session in moscow, november 1949, eslanda robeson, vice-president of the american women's congress, and people's artist of the uzbek republic temars khanum, during the intermission between sittings of the session.

Council of women's international democratic federation holds session in moscow, november 1949, eslanda robeson, vice-president of the american women's congress, addressing the session.

Mrs, eslanda robeson, an invited guest at a plenary session of the gdr peace council in berlin on december 9, 1963.

Walter ulbricht, state council chairman of the gdr, speaking on 'the constitution of the socialist society and its socialist state of the german nation' and gave his report as the chairman of the commission preparing the draft for a socialist constitution to the 7th session of the people's chamber (parliament) held in the congress hall on berlin's alexander square on january 31, 1968.

American singer paul robeson speaking in front of a portrait of pushkin at the hall of columns of the house of trade unions in moscow during the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of the poet's birth, june 1949.

Leon trotsky, people's commissar for military and naval affairs, at a military parade in red square in honor of the third congress of the communist interantion (third international), moscow, soviet union, 1920.

Vyacheslav m, molotov on his way to a meeting of the moscow session of the ministers council, march 14, 1947, the car is an armored american packard.

Delegates to 11th young communist league (komsomol) congress at the kremlin palace of congresses, moscow, ussr, 1949.

The delegation from the chinese people's republic, headed by mao zedong, arriving at vnukovo airport in moscow and being greeted by nikita khrushchev, november 2, 1957, they have come to participate in the celebrations of the 40th anniversary of the great october socialist revolution.

Nikolai alekseyevich voznesensky, chairman of the state planning commission and vice-chairman of the council of people's commissars, january 1938.

Communist leaders from two continents at the bolshoi theater in moscow at a meeting in honor of josef stalin's 70th birthday on december 21, 1949, (left to right: politburo member l,m, kaganovich; chairman mao zedong; armed forces minister marshal n,a, bulganin; stalin; walter ulbricht, deputy premier of the east german government; j, cedenbal; n,s, khrushchev, chief of the ukrainian council of ministers; i, koplenig).

An amateur folk chorus singing in manezh square in moscow on the occasion of j,v, stalin's 70th birthday, december 21, 1949, 'glory to the great stalin' written in lights behind them.

Communist leaders from two continents at the bolshoi theater in moscow at a meeting in honor of josef stalin's 70th birthday on december 21, 1949, (left to right: suslov, mao zedong, bulganin, stalin, vassilevsky, and khrushchev).

Mao zedong, n,s, khrushchev, n,a, bulganin, a,i, mikoyan, m,a, suslov, kim il sung, v, siroki (czechoslovakia), and enver hoxha (albania) on the tribune of the lenin-stalin mausoleum during the november 7th parade, 1957.

Zoltan tildy, president of the hungarian republic, and the hungarian delegation arriving in moscow, february 1948

Soviet leader nikita khrushchev (left) and u,s, vice-president richard nixon at the opening of the u,s, trade and technology exhibition in moscow, ussr, 1959, the famous kitchen debate, leonid brezhnev, second from right, front.

Walter ulbricht, gdr state council chairman, giving a statement on the assassination of us president john f, kennedy to united press international newsfilms (upi) on december 3, 1963, sitting (left to right) are mr, holdt, director of the press office at the gdr ministry for foreign affairs; w, ulbricht; mr, flemming, director of the west berlin upi office and ambassador kegel.

Two women looking at coats and hats on display in a window of the central department store in moscow, 1940s.

V, lacis, chairman of the council of ministers of the latvian ssr, speaking during the jubilee session of the supreme soviet of the latvian ssr on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of soviet latvia, july 1950.

Nikolai alekseyevich voznesensky, vice-chairman of the council of ministers and chairman of the state planning committee of the ussr, march 1948.

Joseph stalin giving a speach at a session of the commission for studying the project of the model constitution of agricultural artels during the second all-union congress of collective farm shock-workers, april 1935.

Mao tse-tung (zedong), chairman of the people's republic of china, speaking at the jubilee session of the ussr supreme soviet dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the october revolution, moscow, 1957.

The church of christ the savior in moscow, 1920s.

Walter ulbricht, socialist unity party deputy premier of the german democratic republic, 1948.

Nikolai alekseyevich voznesensky, chairman of the state planning commission of the ussr, speaking at the joint session of the supreme soviet of the ussr and the soviet of nationalities, seated behind him on the presidium are (l to r): ch, aslanova and p, levitsky, vice-chairmen of the soviet of nationalities, a, zhdanov, chairman of the soviet of the union, t, lysenko and n, undasynov, vice-chairmen of the soviet of the union.

Nikita khrushchev meeting with mao zedong during the chinese people's republic delegation's visit to moscow in 1957.

The north korean government delegation attending the fifth session of the supreme soviet of the ussr - a joint sitting of the soviet of the union and the soviet of nationalities, march 1949, sitting in the balcony are pak heun yung (pak hen yen) (in glasses), and kim il sung.

Soviet premier, nikita khrushchev, showing photographs of objects found in the u2 spy plane that was shot down over soviet territory on may 1st, 1960, joint session of council of the union and council of nationalities, kremlin, moscow, may 7th, 1960.

Russia 1917: session of the workers' and soldiers' deputies council in the state duma building.

A demonstration / parade of the working people in red square in moscow on november 7, 1950, the sportsmen are carrying soviet flags and an image of stalin.

Communist leaders from two continents at the bolshoi theater in moscow at a meeting in honor of josef stalin's 70th birthday on december 21, 1949, (left to right: chairman mao zedong; armed forces minister marshal n,a, bulganin; and stalin).

Grigoriy konstantinovich ordzhonikidze (sergo ordzhonikidze), people's commissar of heavy industry with josef stalin welcoming a delegation from the georgian soviet socialist republic to moscow on march 19, 1936.

Tank commander, junior lieutenant alexandra boiko, speaking to attendees of the fourth soviet women's anti-fascist meeting on august 20, 1944 at the tchaikovsky concert hall in moscow.

Alexander kerensky's last speech at the pre-parliament on november 6, 1917, the day before the break-out of the socialist revolution.

A young family passing by the windows of the lyudmila shop in tchkalov street in moscow, 1950s.

Communist leaders from two continents at the bolshoi theater in moscow at a meeting in honor of josef stalin's 70th birthday on december 21, 1949

Grigoriy konstantinovich ordzhonikidze (sergo ordzhonikidze), chairman of the supreme economic council of the ussr, 1920s.

The most popular business suit this season is worn with a warm vest of harmonizing color,' moscow, ussr, late 1950s or early 1960s.

Lenin's funeral, members of the politburo (joseph stalin, left front) carrying the casket into the crypt near the kremlin wall in red square, moscow, january 1924.

Lenin's funeral, members of the politburo carrying the casket into the crypt near the kremlin wall in red square, moscow, january 1924.

S, budenny, s, timoshenko, and k, voroshilov, a group portrait from 1919, at that time, voroshilov was a member of the military council of the first mounted army (cavalry), budenny was the commander of that army, and timoshenko was division commander in the army.

Visitors examining the painting 'in the name of peace' by soviet artists v, vikhtinsky, b, zhukov, e, levin, l, chernov, and l, shmatkov at the exhibition of ukrainian fine arts in the tretyakov gallery in moscow, july 1951.

L, beria, g, malenkov, and a,mikoyan on the rostrum on lenin's tomb during a may day demonstration in red square, moscow, ussr, may 1, 1949.

A meeting of the working people of the molotov election district of moscow, held here on the occasion of vyacheslav molotov's consent to stand for elections in this district, ussr, february 1950.

Propaganda photo of josef stalin as benevolent father figure with eleven year old mamlakat nakhangova, a schoolgirl from the lakhuti collective farm, stalinabad region, tajikistan soviet republic, kremlin palace, moscow, ussr, december 1935.

Walter ulbricht of the gdr and josip broz tito, president of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia and secretary general of the league of communists signing a joint statement on october 1, 1966, the signing occurred after their talks in which both parties agreed to elevate their diplomatic representations to embassies.

Afghan air force mikoyan-gurevich mig-15 fighters and ilyushin il-28 bombers at kabul, afghanistan, during the visit of the u,s, president dwight d, eisenhower, 9-14 december 1959.

News reel of joseph stalin watching a may day parade in red square, moscow, 1949.

The grotto on the kuskovo estate in the moscow region of the ussr, 1949.

The kitchen debate, vice-president richard nixon cutting the ribbon at the opening of the american exhibition in sokolniki park in moscow, 1959.

On the 4th of september at the moscow central airport, molotov, vice-chairman of the council of people's commissars for foreign affairs chatting with romanian premier p, groza.

Unemployed day laborers in front of an employment agency in moscow in the 1890s.

A,y, vishinsky signing the treaty of friendship, alliance, and mutual assistance between the soviet union and the chinese people's republic in 1950, (left to right: a,a, gromyko, n,a, bulganin, n,v, roshchin, chou enlai, a,i, mikoyan, n, khrushchev, k, voroshilov, v,m, molotov, stalin, mao zedong, b,v, podtserop, n,t, fedorenko, wang cha hsiang, g,m, malenkov, cheng po ta, l,p, beria, mr, azizov, and l,m, kaganovich).

A meeting of representatives of jewish people held in moscow on august 24, 1941, (l to r) poet perets markish, novelist david bergelson, people's artist of the ussr professor solomon mikhoels, and writer ilya ehrenburg.

Chairman s, muromtsev, a member of the constitutional-democratic party, speaking at a sitting of the first state duma (russian parliament) in 1906.

Left to right, standing: v,i, lenin, nikolai bukharin and grigory zinoviev talking during the 2nd congress of the communist international, 1920, moscow, soviet union.

Street scene with moscow hotel on the right, moscow, 1930s.

The moscow river and countryside seen from the palace terrace of the arkhangelskoye estate in the moscow region of the ussr, 1949.

Spasso house, the residence of the us ambassador to the soviet union, walter b, smith, in moscow, ussr, late 1940s.

International women's day, women (mainly textile workers) demonstrate on petrograd's (st, petersburg) nevsky prospect shortly after the establishment of a provisional government, russia, february 1917, the soldiers' families are demanding increased rations for the troops, the banner reads 'comrade workers and soldiers, support our demands'.

People's artist of the republic, raphael adelheim, ussr, march 1938.

Soviet health spa, a garden of the vinogradovo rest home for teachers in the moscow region, it is run by the trade union of employees of elementary and secondary schools of the russian federation, may 1951.

Walter ulbricht, state council chairman and first secretary of the central committee of the socialist unity party (sed), reading a book in the park of the residence of the state council, june 25, 1963.

A family strolling under the benificent gaze of a sculpture of josef stalin, 'the great continuer of lenin's cause' on one of the central thoroughfares of stalinogorsk, in the moscow coal basin, ussr, 1950.

Participants in the annual physiacal culture parade standing under a portrait of joseph stalin near red square in moscow, ussr, 1930s.

Walter ulbricht giving a speech at a meeting of the national council of the gdr in berlin, june 12, 1960.

A crowd gathered for the unvailing of a new monument to joseph stalin erected in front of the baltic railway station in leningrad, november 1949.

Valerian v, kuybyshev (1888-1935), soviet politician, chairman of supreme council of the national economy (1928-1930).

Moscow, late 1930s, a trolley-bus going past the french embassy building.

Cheap meals being distributed among moscow workers in the early 1920s.

Cathedral of christ the savior, moscow, ussr, early 1930s, shell of the cathedral blown up as part of anti-religion campaign, later site of moskva municipal swimming pool.

People's comissariat of home trade of ussr on kirov street in moscow, october 1935.

Acedemician trofim lysenko, who was elected vice-chairman of the soviet of the union during the first session of the supreme soviet of the ussr in 1938.

Walter ulbricht, chairman of the gdr council of state and first secretary of the central committee of the socialist unity party of germany (sed),1961.

The north korean government delegation passing the honor guard at yaraslavl station upon their arrival in moscow, 1949(?), (left to right: kim il sung, a,i, mikoyan, a,a, gromyko, pak heun yung (pak hen yen).

Moscow residents lining up at a canteen of the moscow public catering committee in 1921.

The arch of triumph on kutuzovskiy prospect in moscow, 1934.

The international buisiness machines (ibm) display at the communications usa exhibition in moscow, ussr, early 1960s (1961?).

Coat of arms of the moscow government at the time of ivan lli (ivan the great).

Soviet cosmonaut yuri gagarin with khrushchev on the rostrum on lenin's tomb in red square, moscow, ussr, 1961.

M, i, kalinin, president of the central executive committee of the ussr, awarding the order of the red banner of labor to grigoriy konstantinovich ordzhonikidze (sergo ordzhonikidze), the people's commissar of heavy industry, for over-fulfilling the production plan of 1935.

The entrance to the national hotel in moscow, february 1947, the moscow hotel is on the other side of the street.

The first soviet steam-and-internal combustion locomotive with it's inventor and chief builders, november 1939, (left to right) d, lvov, l, maizel (inventor), and p, soroka.

Ceremony at the bolshoi theater celebrating joseph stalin's 70th birthday, seated, from left to right, are togliatti, budenni, kaganovich, suslov, mao tse-tung (zedong), bulganin, stalin, vassilevsky, khrushchev, ibarruri, georgiu-dej,shvernik, and malenkov, december 1949.

Bulganin's picnic party for foreign diplomats and journalists visiting moscow, us ambassador charles bohlen having a friendly chat with the chairman of the council of ministers of the ussr, n,a, bulganin while walking in the garden, moscow, august 1955.

Walter ulbricht, state council chairman and first secretary of the central committee of the socialist unity party (sed), during his significant speech on the peace policy of the gdr on gdr television and radio on september 15, 1961.

Women drying grain on a kolkhoz (collective farm) in the soviet union, 1930s.

Leon trotsky speaking at the tomb of victims of an explosion at the head quarters of the moscow city committee of the russian communist party of bolsheviks, leontyevsky lane, moscow, soviet union.

Vladimir nemirovich-danchenko (1858-1943), actor, director, co-founder with stanislavsky of the moscow art theatre.

A woman trying on shoes in the footware department of a moscow department store, december 1947.

Vladimir nemirovich-danchenko (1858-1943), actor, director, co-founder with stanislavsky of the moscow art theatre.

A scene from the first act of 'solomon maimon' a new play by m, daniel being staged by the state jewish theater in moscow under the direction of people's artist of the ussr, solomon mikhoels, november 1940, in maimon's inn, count radzivill (i, shidlo) makes an attempt to carry off the wife (e, itskhoki) of maimon (v, zuskin).

40th anniversary of the gorky academic art theater of the ussr in moscow, people's artist of the ussr, leonid leonidov, at work on his production of maxim gorky's play 'dostigayev and others', october 1938.

Ruins of cathedral of christ the savior, blown up by order of stalin in 1933, moscow, ussr.

A crew of young women workers, headed by mari volkova (right), have just finished their shift and are reading the results of the high output competition, volkova and her girlfriends are in second place, the heading of the 'exhibition board' reads 'fulfillment quota for oil output from, ,,', 1940s.

Admiral n,g, kuznetsov, people's commissar of the navy, soviet minister of the navy, 1950s, ussr.

Red army soldier guarding a factory in the 1920s.

Moscow on the eve of may day, a couple placing an order for the holidays at the home delivery department of 'gastronom' food shop no, 2, april 1952.

The opening of the 'prefabricated housing in the usa' exhibition at the moscow architects club, 1940s.

V,i, lenin, m,i, kalinin, i,v, stalin in a group of delegates of the 8th meeting of the bolshevik communist party in moscow, march 1919.

The entrance hall of the ussr pavillion at the 1939 world's fair in new york.

A party meeting at the 'paris commune' plant in moscow during the campaign to cleanse the communist party of hostile elements, september 1933.

Joseph stalin with two young women collective farm workers from tadjikistan soviet republic at a conference of cotton farm workers, january 1936, ussr.

A new soviet color documenyary 'first voyage to the stars' was shown at the Moscow second international film festival, the film tells about the world's first cosmic flight of the soviet pilot Yuri Gagarin.

A scene from the 4th act of 'solomon maimon' a new play by m, daniel being staged by the state jewish theater in moscow under the direction of people's artist of the ussr, solomon mikhoels, november 1940, solomon maimon bids farewell to the poor.

Two young girls at a kindergarten in the sverdlov district of moscow adorning a portrait of joseph stalin with greenery on the eve of the 33rd anniversary of the great october socialist revolution, november 7,1950.

Prince of kiev, yaroslav the wise (1019 1054), sculpture reconstructed from the skull by m,m, gerasimov, the anthropologist, from the collection of the state historical museum in moscow, 1957.

A monument to sergei mironovich kirov in kazan, tatar autonomous republic, it stands in front of the building of the chemical technological institute bearing his name, this building once housed a technical school that kirov attended, october 1949.

Panorama (1 of 3) of the l, kaganovich oil fields in baku, azerbaijan ssr, 1930s.

Panorama (2 of 3) of the l, kaganovich oil fields in baku, azerbaijan ssr, 1930s.

Panorama (3 of 3) of the l, kaganovich oil fields in baku, azerbaijan ssr, 1930s.

President of yugoslavia josip broz tito during his closing address to the conference of the league of communists, belgrade, yugoslavia, january 1972.

Marshal mikhail n, tukhachevsky, assistant people's commissar for defense of the ussr, 1933.

A group of school children in gori, georgia in the 1890s, stalin is on the lower right.

A young russian couple walk through the halls of a moscow museum, art gallery, ussr, 1960s.

A view of deribasovskaya street in the city of odessa, ukrainian ssr, 1949.

A steam locomotive on the trans-siberian railroad in the krasnoyarsk region of russia in the 1890s, the first train in krasnoyarsk.

A delegation of representatives of cultural and public organizations of north korea, headed by writer li gi en, president of the korean society for cultural relations with the ussr, arrived in leningrad on sepember 25, 1946.

Soviet ballet dancer, natalia dudinskaya, as bayadere at the leningrad theater of opera and ballet, 1930s.

Josef stalin (right) with felix dzherzhinsky, founder of the cheka (first soviet secret police), late 1920s? .

Trofim lysenko, the president of the lenin academy of agricultural sciences, measuring the growth of wheat on one of the kolkhoz fields near odessa, ukrainian ssr, 1930s.

Unemployed men at the hitrov market in moscow in the 1890s.

A statue of joseph stalin in the garden of victory square in the industrial city of stalinsk, the iron and steel plant is in the background, spewing smoke, early 1950s.

Russian civil war, kalinin and s, budonny (budenny), commander of the first cavalry army, at the vrangel front in october 1920, with cavalry troops.

Walter ulbricht speaking at an international press conference in east berlin, january 19, 1970, he underlined the attitude of the gdr to the cause of safeguarding peace by concluding a treaty on the establishment of relations between the gdr and frg (east and west germany).

Walter ulbricht speaking at an international press conference in east berlin, january 19, 1970, he underlined the attitude of the gdr to the cause of safeguarding peace by concluding a treaty on the establishment of relations between the gdr and frg (east and west germany).

Walter ulbricht speaking at an international press conference in east berlin, january 19, 1970, he underlined the attitude of the gdr to the cause of safeguarding peace by concluding a treaty on the establishment of relations between the gdr and frg (east and west germany).

Members of an all woman's squadron prepare for the forthcoming all-union aviation day air show, august 18, 1939, the commander of the women's squadron, pilot/instructor of the kiev district (moscow) t, dolbilova (left) and technician/navigator of the same airclub, e, budanova, are making adjustments to the engine of their plane, a polikarpov po-2 (u-2).

Women welding 'hedgehogs' (anti-tank barricades) as part of the civilian war effort for the defense of moscow during world war 2.

President mikhail kalinin receiving william c, bullit, the first u,s, ambassador, in moscow, 1934.

Stalin addressing the 8th congress of soviets on the draft of the new soviet constitution, nov 25, 1936.

President ho chi minh of the democratic republic of vietnam.

10th century, a prince and his bodyguard gathering tribute from the people, the prince's servant kept account and recorded the amount of tribute brought in on a tablet.

Soviet premier nikita khrushchev, gdr state council chairman walter ulbricht, and the minister council chairman of poland jozef cyrankiewicz being welcomed with flowers in the town hall of frankfurt prior to a great demonstration on july 3, 1963.

A facsimile of the sputnik 1 satellite on exhibit in moscow, november 1959.

Five leaders of decembrist uprising of 1825, left to right: p,i, pestel, k, f, rileyev, m,p, bestuzhev-riumin, s,i, muravyev-apostol, p,g, kakhovsky, all five were executed by order of tsar nicholas the first, russia.

Signing of stratetic arms limitation talks treaty (salt 1) in the kremlin, moscow, ussr, on may 26th, 1972, principle signatories: richard nixon, president of the united states and leonid brezhnev, general secretary of cpsu.

Tunguska meteorite, the valley of the churgima stream, 4km south of where the meteorite fell in 1908, the hills are covered with fallen and burnt trees and young growth, this picture was taken during professor leonid kulik's 1938 expedition to investigate the event.

Joseph stalin giving a speach to the red army on november 7, 1941 in celebration of the 24th anniversary of the revolution, this was the day that hitler had set for a review of his troops in the same place (moscow).

Women clients in the waiting room of the moscow institute of cosmetology and hygiene, opened in january by 'glavperfume', an abbreviated name for the chief administration of the state perfume and cosmetics industry, february 1937.

In the name of peace' a painting by soviet artists v, vikhtinsky, b, zhukov, e, levin, l, chernov, and l, shmatkov

Young moscow women in a beauty salon, moscow, ussr, 1958.

The monument to the third international (tatlin's tower) by vladimir tatlin, the model of the proposed tower in the studio of materials, volume, and construction (the former academy of arts) in petrograd, 1920.

The monument to the third international (tatlin's tower) by vladimir tatlin, the model of the proposed tower in the studio of materials, volume, and construction (the former academy of arts) in petrograd, 1920.

The monument to the third international (tatlin's tower) by vladimir tatlin, the model of the proposed tower in the studio of materials, volume, and construction (the former academy of arts) in petrograd, 1920.

Moscow, october 7, 1939, chairman of the presidium of the ussr supreme soviet mikhail kalinin awards heroes of the battles on the khalkhin-gol river, from left to right: heroes of the soviet union s, p, denisov, i, n, dushkin, k, n, abramov, n, s, gerasimov, v, i, shevchenko and i, a, lakeyev.

Bolshevik leader sergei mironovich kirov speaking at the 17th congress of the all-union communist party of bolsheviks in february 1934.

Monument to joseph stalin in front of the mechanization pavillion of the all-union agricultural exhibit in moscow, 1941, people's commissar of agriculture of the ussr, i, benediktov, spoke at the meeting during the inauguration which had an attendance of in excess of 50,000 people.

Sam 2 missiles (guideline) on parade in red square, moscow, ussr, november 7th, 1957.

The reading of charges at a trial of social revolutionary leaders (purge trial), moscow, 1922.

The defendants of a purge trial of menshevik counter-revolutionaries in moscow, 1931.

Grigoriy konstantinovich ordzhonikidze (sergo ordzhonikidze) speaking and giving details of the program for developement of basic industries under the new five-year-plan at the congress of the russian communist party.

A meeting of solidarity, friendship, and struggle, left to right: phan van dong, premier of the democratic republic of vietnam (north vietnam); samdech norodom sihanouk, cambodian head of state; chinese premier zhou enlai; prince souphanouvong, chairman of the laotian patriotic front; and nguyen huu tho, president of the advisory council of the provisional revolutionary government of the republic of south vietnam, 1971.

50 meter high monument to josef stalin erected in the armenian capital of yerevan, 1951, the monument was built by sculptor and people's artist of the ussr, s, merkurov and architect, r, izraelian who were both awarded the stalin prize for their efforts.

Bolshevik leader sergei mironovich kirov speaking at the 17th congress of the all-union communist party of bolsheviks in february 1934, ordzhonikidze is behind him on the left.

A view of the kremlin over the moscow river in the 1930s.

Housing construction in moscow in the 1950s, ussr.

David oistrakh, professor of the moscow state conservatory and laureate of international contests, listening to the playing of his son at his country residence near moscow, september 1938.

Order-bearers captain polina osipenko (co-pilot and commander of the plane), deputy to the supreme soviet of the ussr valentina grizodubova (navigator), and senior lieutenant marina raskova right before their historic flight, they set a world record for non-stop direct flight by women when they flew a tupolev db2/ant37 aircraft named rodina 6,000 kilometres (3,700 miles) from moscow to komsomolsk-on-amur, on the south-eastern tip of siberia, september 24, 1938.

Soviet socialist realism, painting of heroic women workers shoveling coal in a rail yard, ussr, 1950s.

Chinese people's republic invasion of tibet, 1954, the chinese authority stage a parade in lhasa, december 25th, 1954, potala palace (home of the dalai lama) in the background.

Moscow residents listening to a radio report by molotov announcing the invasion of the soviet union by germany, june 22, 1941.

Nikolai shvernik reading the sentence handed down by the supreme court at a trial of menshevik counter-revolutionaries in moscow, 1931.

Residents of the polish city of rzeszow speaking with red army soldiers, late 1940s.

Nikita khrushchev, chairman of the ussr council of ministers, making an appearance on american television during his visit to the united states at the invitation of president eisenhower in september 1959.

V, i, lenin with parley christensen, 1920 usa presidential candidate representing the farmer labor party, meeting in his study in moscow, november of 1921.

St, basil's cathedral in red square, moscow, ussr sometime in the 1940s.

Sergei mironovich kirov, the study of kirov's apartment in leningrad, ussr, 1939.

An aerial view of the opera house and surrounding streets, odessa, ukrainian ssr, late 1940s.

13th international congress of the international astronautical federation took place september 23rd - 29th, 1962 in the bulgarian resort on the black sea 'golden sands' near the town of varna, the american delegate s, fr, singer of the us weather bureau in washington being interviewed by journalist, vladimir alexeyev, in front of a hotel on the 'golden sands'.

Komsomolskaya square, moscow, 1935, in the background: leningradsky (left) and yaroslavsky (right) rail terminals with a metro station between them, in the right foreground is a corner of the kazansky terminal.

The all-union agricultural exhibition in moscow, august 1939, visitors to the exhibition examining specimens of a couch-grass / wheat hybrid (developed by member of the academy of sciences, tsitsin) at the demonstration field of the grain pavillion, in the background is a newly erected statue of stalin.

Rozaliya zemlyachka (seated with glasses) during a purge trial at a co-operative in moscow, 1933, a leading bolshevik party member, she was one of the organizers of the 'red terror' during the civil war, she was responsible for the execution of thousands of white guard officers in the crimea after it was occupied by the red army in 1921.

Women trying on hats at a millinery in moscow, april 1948.

The novolipetsk iron and steel mills under construction near the kursk magnetic anomaly, the plant will be the major metal supplier for the central and southern regions of the european part of the country, late 1940s.

All-slav committee gives reception to leaders of the polish republic, colonel-general m, rola-zymierski, commander-in-chief of the polish army, speaks of the friendship between the soviet union and the polish peoples and the fellowship in arms of the polish and soviet armies, h, minc is on the right.

Lev vygotsky, 1896 - 1934, the psychologist who's cultural / historical theory which formed the basis for the school of thought in soviet psychology.

A rural laboratory on a collective farm in the orsha district of the mari autonomous republic, soviet farmers conducted experiments in the field, and corresponded with experimental agricultural stations to make reports and to receive instructions for further experiments, seed parcels were supplied by the agricultural stations, 1930s.

Members of the diplomatic corps with friends and family in red square, watching a demonstration, mrs, joseph davies, wife of the american ambassador to the ussr, is in the center (w/ light hat & cape), 1930s.

Rear admiral ivan pananin, chief administrator of the northern sea route, 1944, world war 2, ussr, famous leader of 1930s soviet polar expeditions.

President ho chi minh of the democratic republic of vietnam, 1950.

President ho chi minh of the democratic republic of vietnam, 1954.

Nikita khrushchev and a soviet delegation visiting the people's own domain for seed production at schwaneberg-altenweddingen near magdeburg, gdr on august 11, 1957, left to right are: walter ulbricht; otto strube, director of the domain; khrushchev; alois pisnik, first secretary of the district leadership of magdeburg; and erich muckenburger, candidate of the politbureau of the central committee of the socialist unity party.

A young woman trying on a hat in the central department store of moscow, late 1930s.

Okhotny ryad on the eve of the october revolution, moscow, currently the sight of the moscow hotel.

Soviet architects listening to the opening speeches at the opening of the 'prefabricated housing in the usa' exhibition at the moscow architects club, 1940s.

German minister for foreign affairs, joachim von ribbentrop (left), arrives at the central airport in moscow for the signing of the treaty of non-aggression between germany and the union of soviet socialist republics on august 23, 1939, greeting him is v, potemkin, vice commissar for foreign affairs for the ussr.

German minister for foreign affairs, joachim von ribbentrop (left), arrives at the central airport in moscow for the signing of the treaty of non-aggression between germany and the union of soviet socialist republics on august 23, 1939, greeting him is v, potemkin, vice commissar for foreign affairs for the ussr.

War time restoration of the krasnodar machine tool manufacturing plant is under way, a vertical boring and turning machine, assembled by a, bershadsky and his crew, is completed 20 days ahead of schedule, ussr 1940s.

Joseph stalin, around 1939, in his office in the kremlin, moscow, ussr.

Professor leonid kulik who, in 1938, led a scientific expedition into the siberian taiga to investigate the site of the tunguska meteorite, here, he's seen crossing the khushmo river on horse back 7km from where the meteorite fell in 1908.

Romanian president ceausescu and u,s, president nixon during the official talks at the state council palace, in aug, 1969.

People listening to a speach of a people's commissar being played on a gramaphone, 1920, propaganda train bringing movies and recordings to to reach and instruct the peasantry.

New growth on an old tree 20 km to the east of the blast center that was burnt and damaged in 1908 by the tunguska meteorite, prior to that, it was dense forest, this picture was taken during professor leonid kulik's 1938 expedition to investigate the event.

Us ambassador george f, kennan (right) standing with nikolai shvernik, president of the presidium of the soviet parliament after presenting his credentials, moscow, may 15, 1952, on the left is a,f, gorkin, secretary of the presidium.

Anti-religious demonstration called the komsomol christmas organized by the young communist league (komsomol), moscow, ussr, 1923.

Petrograd, russsia 1917: first members of the provisional government in the state council chamber, alexander kerensky standing second from right (of faces not in shadow) .

Us ambassador w, averell harriman with mikhail kalinin, president of the presidium of the supreme soviet of the ussr on october 23, 1943, when harriman presented his credentials, moscow.

Soviet marines of the northern fleet at a forward defensive line, november 1942.

Civilian women making artillery shells at a munitions factory in moscow during world war 2, the sign behind them reads: 'defenders of moscow! the soviet people are with you!'.