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Conduit in London Streets, with Stocks, Pillory, and Whipping Post, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Punishment of Pillory, Punishment of the Stocks, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Pillory at the Gateway of Old London Bridge, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Permanent Pillory, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Place of Imprisonment in the Tower, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Room in which Lord Guilford Dudley was imprisoned in the Beauchamp Tower, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

King John and the Jew of Bristol, Illustration from John Cassell's Illustrated History of England, Vol. I from the earliest period to the reign of Edward the Fourth, Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1857

Illustration depicting a Chinese substitute for the stocks

Punishment of the stocks

Daniel Defoe in the pillory at Temple Bar.

A gang of prisoners in London.

Place of Execution, Smithfield, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Trial of Queen Catherine, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

A form of Elizabethan punishment.

Torture of the Huguenots, Illustration, Ridpath's History of the World, Volume III, by John Clark Ridpath, LL. D., Merrill & Baker Publishers, New York, 1897

Execution of the Thirty-Eight Sioux Indians at Mankato, Minnesota, December 26, 1862, Lithograph, Hayes Litho. Co., Buffalo, NY, 1883

Mary Queen of Scots in Imprisonment, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

A Statute Fair in the days of Henry VIII, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Execution of the Duke of Buckingham, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Richbourg Gailliard, assistant to the director of the Federal Museum, Demonstrates the use of a Bell Rack, a Contraption used by Slave Owners to guard a Runaway Slave, originally topped by a bell, which rang when the runaway would attempt to leave the roa

The Custom House in the reign of Queen Elisabeth, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Edward VI entering London, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Elizabeth entering London, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Bankruptcy punishment, 16th century

Erasmus and Sir Thomas More, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Dismissal of Cardinal Wolsey, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Arrest of Anne Boleyn, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Death of Cardinal Beaton, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Latimer preaching before Edward VI, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Edward VI in Council, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Burning of Archbishop Cranmer, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Elizabeth and her Suitors, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Murder of Rizzio, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Elizabeth and her Parliament, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Elizabeth’s Kitchen, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Elizabeth Knighting Francis Drake, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Elizabeth at Tilbury, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Anne Boleyn's triumphal entry into London, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Execution of a murderer, 16th century illustration

Execution of two Brownists, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Scottish Peers Demanding the Custody of the Children of Queen Margaret, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

King Henry (VIII) and his Council, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Frances I, King of France, taken prisoner at the Battle of Pavia, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Hever Castle, Kent, Residence of Anne Boleyn, lustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Wolsey received by the Monks of Leicester Abbey, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Margaret Roper taking leave of her father, Sir Thomas More, on the Tower Warf, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Henry VIII and his council ordaining the Translation of the Bible into English, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

King Henry and his Parliament, From an engraving of the period, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Henry VIII delivering the translated Bible to his Lords, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Ket the Tanner haranguing his followers under the Oak of Reformation, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Edward VI presenting the Warrant for the Execution of Joan Bocher to Archbishop Cranmer, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Edward VI granting the Charter to Bridewell, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Crown of England offered to Lady Jane Gray, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Execution of the Duke of Northumberland on Tower Hill, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Princess Elizabeth at Traitor’s Gate, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Reception of the First Russian Embassy in England, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Recantation of Archbishop Cranmer, in St. Mary’s Church, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Elizabeth acknowledged by the Bishops, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Destruction of the Carthusian Monastery, Perth, by Rioters, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Mary Queen of Scots landing at Leith, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

State Progress of Queen Elizabeth. From an Original painting by Zucchero, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Dismission of the Earl of Murray (Moray) and the Abbot of Kilwinning by Queen Elizabeth, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Surrender of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Carberry Hill, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Assassination of the Regent Murray (Moray), Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Reception of Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth Castle, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The French Ambassador at the Court of Queen Elizabeth, after the massacre of St. Bartholomew, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Court of Henry III of France, Ball at the Palace, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Mary Queen of Scots taking leave of her attendants (on the morning of her execution), Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

A Trial for High Treason, in Westminster Hall, during the Tudor Period, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Jesus crucified, Illustration from the Dore Bible 1866.

Christ crucified, Illustration from the Dore Bible 1866.

The Court of the King's Bench.

The conspirators in the Gunpowder Plot are hanged, drawn and quartered.

Siege of Calais, Departure of the Citizens, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Bear-baiting, as practiced in the time of Queen Elizabeth, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The First Royal Exchange, erected by Sir Thomas Gresham, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Sir Thomas Gresham, Founder of the Royal Exchange, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Henry VIII at the Royal Hunt in Epping Forest, on the morning of the Execution of Anne Boleyn, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Couch used by Mary Queen of Scots during her imprisonment, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Wolsey’s College, Ipswich, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Holyrood House, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

A London Street on a rainy day, in the days of Queen Elizabeth, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Battle of Spurs, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

View of Portsmouth Harbour, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Luther denouncing the Romish Ritual, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Beards of 16th Century, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Group of Weapons preserved in the Tower (of London), Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Duke of Somerset. From a Painting by Holbein, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Old Somerset House, the Residence of the Proctor during the Reign of Edward VI, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Allington Castle, the Residence of Sir Thomas Wyatt, forfeited to the Crown, 1554, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Nursery Chair of James VI of Scotland, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Group of Arms of the Tudor Period, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Flagellation of Christ

Death of Gaston de Fix at Ravenna, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Meeting of Henry VIII And Frances I On the Field of the Cloth of Gold, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Grand Ball at Old Greenwich Palace, Henry VIII dancing with Anne Boleyn, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Private Marriage of Anne Boleyn to Henry VIII, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Herald Delivering a Challenge to Single Combat from Lord Huntly to the Duke of Somerset, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Death of Sir Philip Sidney at the Battle of Zutphen, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Representing Shakespeare’s Plays in the Hall of the Middle Temple, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Beards of the 16th Century, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Ladies’ Head Dresses, 16th Century, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Gentlemen of the Queen's Chapel, in the time of Queen Elizabeth (Elizabeth I), Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Hunting the Hare in St. Giles’s Fields in the days of Queen Mary, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Henry VII, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Elizabeth, Queen of Henry VII, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Henry VIII, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Lord Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Catherine of Aragon, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Windsor Castle, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Anne Boleyn, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Anne Boleyn, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Henry VIII and Catherine Parr, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Edward VI, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Lady Jane Gray, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

King Edward’s Last Physician, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Mary I, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Lady Jane Gray, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Elizabeth, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Great Seal of Queen Elizabeth, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Earl of Murray (Moray), Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Sir Francis Drake, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Sir Walter Raleigh, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

James VI of Scotland, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

An Irish Trooper, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Star Chamber, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

A Pillory In Paris In The 18Th Century

Crucifixion.

THE CRUCIFIXION.

THE CRUCIFIXION.

Descent from the cross, the deposition of Christ, Illustration from the Dore Bible 1866.

Lord Finlay, one of the British members of the Permanent Court of International Justice, appointed 1921.

PERKIN WARBECK

Place of Execution within the Tower of London, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Palace of Nonsuch, on London Bridge, erected in the reign of Henry VII, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Penance of Jane Shore, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Salon Of 1855, The Flagellation Painting By M. Henri Lehman. Engraving 1855

Otto Ambros, German chemist and Nazi war criminal

Shame mask, 19th century illustration

Clamp collar torture instrument, 19th century illustration

Monster head torture instrument, 19th century illustration

Lent in the Middle Ages, illustration

Dunce's cap, illustration

Cangue punishment in China, 19th century illustration

England, Painting of The Execution of Admiral Byng on 14 March 1757

St. James’s Palace, Westminster Abbey, and ancient Conduit, in the reign of Edvard VI, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Field of the Cloth of Gold. From a bas relief on the Hotel du Bourtheroulde, at Rouen, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Christ's Hospital, founded by Edward VI, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Henry VII at the Despatch of Business, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Thomas Stanley, first Earl of Derby, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Shrine of Prince Arthur, brother of Henry VIII, in Worcester Cathedral, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Henry VIII, Catherine of Aragon, Thomas Wolsey, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Hampton Court Palace, the residence of Cardinal Wolsey, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Boudoir of Anne Boleyn, in the Gateway of Hever Castle, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Antechamber in Hever Castle, Kent, Residence of Anne Boleyn, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Thomas Cranmer, from the original of Gerbicus Fliccus, in the British Museum, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Jane Seymour, from the original picture by Hans Holbein, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Anne of Cleves, from the original by Holbein, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Catherine Howard, from an original picture by Holbein, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Catherine Parr, from the original picture by Holbein, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Lady Jane Gray and Roger Ascham, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Philip of Spain, from the original Picture by Titan, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Queen Mary in her private Oratory, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Mary Queen of Scots. From the original painting by Zucchero, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Lord Darnley. From the Original Portrait in the Collection of the Earl of Seaforth, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Mary Stuart about to sign her Resignation at Lochlevan Castle, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

William Cecil, Lord Burleigh, from the original Picture in the Collection of the Earl of Burlington, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Sir Francis Walsingham, from the original picture in the Dorset Collection, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Portrait of Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Henry of Navarre (afterwards Henry IV. of France), Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

The Reconciliation between Queen Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

England, London, Tower of London, Display of Medieval Torture Devices

England, London, Tower of London, Display of Medieval Torture Devices

LONDON: PILLORY, c1810.

John Fox (Foxe), the Martyrologist, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Tilbury Fort, on the Thames, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Branding Iron, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

A Friar, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Courtyard of Burghly (Burghley), House, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Artillery of the Tudor Period, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Form of pillory.

London in the 15th century, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Chessman Execution Protesters

Edward, Prince of Wales, Son of Henry VI, and Edward IV, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Parting of Queen Elizabeth Wydville and her son the Duke of York, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Earl Rivers presenting William Caxton to Edward IV, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

A nurse who has disciplined a child.

THE CRUCIFIXION.

THE CRUCIFIXION.

DOR : DESCENT OF JESUS.

DOR : DEAD CHRIST.

JESUS: DEPOSITION.

Mediaeval unrest, 19th Century artwork

Daniel Defoe in a pillory, artwork

Man in pillory, Mediaeval Berlin, artwork

Essex House, in the Strand, from Hollar’s View of London, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassel’s Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Virgin Mary with Jesus as he carries the cross to his crucifixion. Woodcut circa 1550

EL GRECO: SAINT ANDREW.

DESCENT FROM THE CROSS.